![]() ![]() ![]() Sixty extracted, straight, single-rooted permanent human teeth with mature apices were selected for this study. This study was approved by the Institutional ethical committee for research on human subjects or specimens (JSS/PGS/Ethical/2013-14/09). ![]() Elements Diagnostic Unit and Apex Locator (ELE, SybronEndo, Sybron Dental) is a fourth generation apex locator which does not process the impedance information as a mathematical algorithm, but instead takes the resistance and capacitance measurements and compares them with a database to determine the distance to the apex of the root canal. 5 SybronEndo Mini Apex Locator (MINI, SybronEndo, Sybron Dental, Glendora, CA, USA) is multifrequency based and is also claimed to be accurate in the presence of various intracanal conditions. This quotient is expressed as a position of the file in the canal. This method simultaneously measures impedance values at 2 frequencies (8 and 0.4 kHz) and calculates a quotient of impedances. Morita Corp., Tokyo, Japan) is based on the ratio method for measuring canal length. 3 Whilst the simplest devices measure resistance, other devices measure impedance using high frequency, two frequencies, or multiple frequencies. 2 Based on Suzuki's discovery that electrical resistances between the periodontal ligament and oral mucosa registered constant values of 6.5 kΩ, Sunada developed the first electronic apex locator in 1962. EALs for assessing the root canal length have gained popularity and eliminated many of the problems associated with radiographic measurements. 1 Various methods of determining WL include using radiographs, tactile sensation, and electronic apex locators (EALs). One of the key factors for the success of root canal therapy is accurate determination of the working length (WL). ![]()
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